1 Linux Standard Base Trial Use Specification 4.1 2 3 Copyright © 2010 Linux Foundation 4 5 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this 6 document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, 7 Version 1.1; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover 8 Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is 9 included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation 10 License". 11 12 Portions of the text may be copyrighted by the following 13 parties: 14 15 * The Regents of the University of California 16 * Free Software Foundation 17 * Ian F. Darwin 18 * Paul Vixie 19 * BSDI (now Wind River) 20 * Andrew G Morgan 21 * Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler 22 * Massachusetts Institute of Technology 23 * Apple Inc. 24 * Easy Software Products 25 * artofcode LLC 26 * Till Kamppeter 27 * Manfred Wassman 28 * Python Software Foundation 29 30 These excerpts are being used in accordance with their 31 respective licenses. 32 33 Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. 34 and other countries. 35 36 UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. 37 38 LSB is a trademark of the Linux Foundation in the United States 39 and other countries. 40 41 AMD is a trademark of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. 42 43 Intel and Itanium are registered trademarks and Intel386 is a 44 trademark of Intel Corporation. 45 46 PowerPC is a registered trademark and PowerPC Architecture is a 47 trademark of the IBM Corporation. 48 49 S/390 is a registered trademark of the IBM Corporation. 50 51 OpenGL is a registered trademark of Silicon Graphics, Inc. 52 __________________________________________________________ 53 54 Table of Contents 55 Foreword 56 Status of this Document 57 Introduction 58 I. Introductory Elements 59 60 1. Scope 61 2. Normative References 62 3. Requirements 63 4. Terms and Definitions 64 5. Documentation Conventions 65 66 II. Trial Use Module 67 68 6. Trial Use Module 69 70 6.1. Introduction 71 72 A. GNU Free Documentation License (Informative) 73 74 A.1. PREAMBLE 75 A.2. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS 76 A.3. VERBATIM COPYING 77 A.4. COPYING IN QUANTITY 78 A.5. MODIFICATIONS 79 A.6. COMBINING DOCUMENTS 80 A.7. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS 81 A.8. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS 82 A.9. TRANSLATION 83 A.10. TERMINATION 84 A.11. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE 85 A.12. How to use this License for your documents 86 __________________________________________________________ 87 88 Foreword 89 90 This is version 4.1 of the Trial Use Specification. This 91 specification augments the series of volumes released under the 92 collective title Linux Standard Base: 93 94 * Core 95 * C++ 96 * Desktop 97 * Languages 98 * Printing 99 100 Note that the Core, C++ and Desktop volumes consist of a 101 generic volume augmented by an architecture-specific volume. 102 103 This document describes components which have Trial Use 104 Specification status, and as such there is no formal compliance 105 process for this specification. Implementations may claim to 106 provide these components in a manner that agrees with this 107 specification, but such a claim is not part of a conformance 108 statement for the LSB version in which this module appears. 109 110 Applications may not assume that the components of this 111 specification are present or operate as described in this 112 specification on any given implementation. 113 __________________________________________________________ 114 115 Status of this Document 116 117 This document is a complement to the released specification. 118 Other documents may supersede or augment this document. A list 119 of current Linux Standard Base (LSB) specifications is 120 available at http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org. 121 122 If you wish to make comments regarding this document in a 123 manner that is tracked by the LSB project, please submit them 124 using our public bug database at http://bugs.linuxbase.org. 125 Please enter your feedback, carefully indicating the title of 126 the section for which you are submitting feedback, and the 127 volume and version of the specification where you found the 128 problem, quoting the incorrect text if appropriate. If you are 129 suggesting a new feature, please indicate what the problem you 130 are trying to solve is. That is more important than the 131 solution, in fact. 132 133 If you do not have or wish to create a bug database account 134 then you can also e-mail feedback to 135 (subscribe, archives), 136 and arrangements will be made to transpose the comments to our 137 public bug database. 138 __________________________________________________________ 139 140 Introduction 141 142 The Trial Use Specification describes components which may or 143 may not be present on an otherwise conforming system. The 144 purpose is to indicate that these components are on a Standards 145 Track, that is, they are intended to become part of the LSB 146 Specification in a future edition. 147 148 This document should be used in conjunction with the documents 149 it references. Information referenced in this way is as much a 150 part of this document as is the information explicitly included 151 here. 152 153 I. Introductory Elements 154 155 Table of Contents 156 1. Scope 157 2. Normative References 158 3. Requirements 159 4. Terms and Definitions 160 5. Documentation Conventions 161 __________________________________________________________ 162 163 Chapter 1. Scope 164 165 The Trial Use Specification defines components which are not 166 required parts of the LSB Specification. 167 168 As of version 4.1 there are no specified elements in Linux 169 Standard Base Trial Use Specification. 170 __________________________________________________________ 171 172 Chapter 2. Normative References 173 174 The specifications listed below are referenced in whole or in 175 part by the Trial Use Specification. Such references may be 176 normative or informative; a reference to specification shall 177 only be considered normative if it is explicitly cited as such. 178 The Trial Use Specification may make normative references to a 179 portion of these specifications (that is, to define a specific 180 function or group of functions); in such cases, only the 181 explicitly referenced portion of the specification is to be 182 considered normative. 183 __________________________________________________________ 184 185 Chapter 3. Requirements 186 187 None as of this version. 188 __________________________________________________________ 189 190 Chapter 4. Terms and Definitions 191 192 For the purposes of this document, the terms given in ISO/IEC 193 Directives, Part 2, Annex H and the following apply. 194 195 archLSB 196 Some LSB specification documents have both a generic, 197 architecture-neutral part and an architecture-specific 198 part. The latter describes elements whose definitions 199 may be unique to a particular processor architecture. 200 The term archLSB may be used in the generic part to 201 refer to the corresponding section of the 202 architecture-specific part. 203 204 Binary Standard, ABI 205 The total set of interfaces that are available to be 206 used in the compiled binary code of a conforming 207 application, including the run-time details such as 208 calling conventions, binary format, C++ name mangling, 209 etc. 210 211 Implementation-defined 212 Describes a value or behavior that is not defined by 213 this document but is selected by an implementor. The 214 value or behavior may vary among implementations that 215 conform to this document. An application should not rely 216 on the existence of the value or behavior. An 217 application that relies on such a value or behavior 218 cannot be assured to be portable across conforming 219 implementations. The implementor shall document such a 220 value or behavior so that it can be used correctly by an 221 application. 222 223 Shell Script 224 A file that is read by an interpreter (e.g., awk). The 225 first line of the shell script includes a reference to 226 its interpreter binary. 227 228 Source Standard, API 229 The total set of interfaces that are available to be 230 used in the source code of a conforming application. Due 231 to translations, the Binary Standard and the Source 232 Standard may contain some different interfaces. 233 234 Undefined 235 Describes the nature of a value or behavior not defined 236 by this document which results from use of an invalid 237 program construct or invalid data input. The value or 238 behavior may vary among implementations that conform to 239 this document. An application should not rely on the 240 existence or validity of the value or behavior. An 241 application that relies on any particular value or 242 behavior cannot be assured to be portable across 243 conforming implementations. 244 245 Unspecified 246 Describes the nature of a value or behavior not 247 specified by this document which results from use of a 248 valid program construct or valid data input. The value 249 or behavior may vary among implementations that conform 250 to this document. An application should not rely on the 251 existence or validity of the value or behavior. An 252 application that relies on any particular value or 253 behavior cannot be assured to be portable across 254 conforming implementations. 255 256 In addition, for the portions of this specification which build 257 on IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, the definitions given in IEEE Std 258 1003.1-2001, Base Definitions, Chapter 3 apply. 259 __________________________________________________________ 260 261 Chapter 5. Documentation Conventions 262 263 Throughout this document, the following typographic conventions 264 are used: 265 266 function() 267 268 the name of a function 269 command 270 271 the name of a command or utility 272 CONSTANT 273 274 a constant value 275 parameter 276 277 a parameter 278 variable 279 280 a variable 281 282 Throughout this specification, several tables of interfaces are 283 presented. Each entry in these tables has the following format: 284 285 name 286 287 the name of the interface 288 (symver) 289 290 An optional symbol version identifier, if required. 291 [refno] 292 293 A reference number indexing the table of referenced 294 specifications that follows this table. 295 296 For example, 297 298 forkpty(GLIBC_2.0) [SUSv3] 299 300 refers to the interface named forkpty() with symbol version 301 GLIBC_2.0 that is defined in the SUSv3 reference. 302 303 Note: For symbols with versions which differ between 304 architectures, the symbol versions are defined in the 305 architecture specific parts of ISO/IEC 23360 only. 306 307 II. Trial Use Module 308 309 Table of Contents 310 6. Trial Use Module 311 312 6.1. Introduction 313 __________________________________________________________ 314 315 Chapter 6. Trial Use Module 316 317 6.1. Introduction 318 319 The Trial Use Module decribes components in Trial Use status. 320 Trial Use Specifications are non-mandatory components of the 321 Linux Standard Base. 322 323 As of version 4.1 there are no specified elements in this 324 module. 325 __________________________________________________________ 326 327 Appendix A. GNU Free Documentation License (Informative) 328 329 This specification is published under the terms of the GNU Free 330 Documentation License, Version 1.1, March 2000 331 332 Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple 333 Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is 334 permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this 335 license document, but changing it is not allowed. 336 __________________________________________________________ 337 338 A.1. PREAMBLE 339 340 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or 341 other written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to 342 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute 343 it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or 344 noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the 345 author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while 346 not being considered responsible for modifications made by 347 others. 348 349 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that 350 derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the 351 same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, 352 which is a copyleft license designed for free software. 353 354 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals 355 for free software, because free software needs free 356 documentation: a free program should come with manuals 357 providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this 358 License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for 359 any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is 360 published as a printed book. We recommend this License 361 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or 362 reference. 363 __________________________________________________________ 364 365 A.2. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS 366 367 This License applies to any manual or other work that contains 368 a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be 369 distributed under the terms of this License. The "Document", 370 below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the 371 public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". 372 373 A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing 374 the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or 375 with modifications and/or translated into another language. 376 377 A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter 378 section of the Document that deals exclusively with the 379 relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to 380 the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and 381 contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall 382 subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of 383 mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any 384 mathematics.) 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Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, 416 proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by 417 proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD 418 and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the 419 machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for 420 output purposes only. 421 422 The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page 423 itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, 424 legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the 425 title page. For works in formats which do not have any title 426 page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most 427 prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the 428 beginning of the body of the text. 429 __________________________________________________________ 430 431 A.3. VERBATIM COPYING 432 433 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either 434 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, 435 the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this 436 License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, 437 and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of 438 this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or 439 control the reading or further copying of the copies you make 440 or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange 441 for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies 442 you must also follow the conditions in section 3. 443 444 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated 445 above, and you may publicly display copies. 446 __________________________________________________________ 447 448 A.4. COPYING IN QUANTITY 449 450 If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more 451 than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover 452 Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, 453 clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts 454 on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. 455 Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the 456 publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the 457 full title with all words of the title equally prominent and 458 visible. 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MODIFICATIONS 491 492 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document 493 under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that 494 you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, 495 with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, 496 thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified 497 Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you 498 must do these things in the Modified Version: 499 500 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title 501 distinct from that of the Document, and from those of 502 previous versions (which should, if there were any, be 503 listed in the History section of the Document). You may use 504 the same title as a previous version if the original 505 publisher of that version gives permission. 506 B. 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Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and 525 add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new 526 authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on 527 the Title Page. If there is no section entitled "History" 528 in the Document, create one stating the title, year, 529 authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its 530 Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified 531 Version as stated in the previous sentence. 532 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the 533 Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the 534 Document, and likewise the network locations given in the 535 Document for previous versions it was based on. These may 536 be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network 537 location for a work that was published at least four years 538 before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of 539 the version it refers to gives permission. 540 K. 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To do 558 this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the 559 Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be 560 distinct from any other section titles. 561 562 You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it 563 contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by 564 various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that 565 the text has been approved by an organization as the 566 authoritative definition of a standard. 567 568 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover 569 Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to 570 the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. 571 Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text 572 may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one 573 entity. 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COMBINING DOCUMENTS 585 586 You may combine the Document with other documents released 587 under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above 588 for modified versions, provided that you include in the 589 combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the 590 original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant 591 Sections of your combined work in its license notice. 592 593 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, 594 and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with 595 a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with 596 the same name but different contents, make the title of each 597 such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, 598 the name of the original author or publisher of that section if 599 known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the 600 section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license 601 notice of the combined work. 602 603 In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled 604 "History" in the various original documents, forming one 605 section entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections 606 entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled 607 "Dedications". You must delete all sections entitled 608 "Endorsements." 609 __________________________________________________________ 610 611 A.7. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS 612 613 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other 614 documents released under this License, and replace the 615 individual copies of this License in the various documents with 616 a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that 617 you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of 618 each of the documents in all other respects. 619 620 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and 621 distribute it individually under this License, provided you 622 insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and 623 follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim 624 copying of that document. 625 __________________________________________________________ 626 627 A.8. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS 628 629 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other 630 separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume 631 of a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count 632 as a Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilation 633 copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation is 634 called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the 635 other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on 636 account of their being thus compiled, if they are not 637 themselves derivative works of the Document. 638 639 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to 640 these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than 641 one quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts 642 may be placed on covers that surround only the Document within 643 the aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the 644 whole aggregate. 645 __________________________________________________________ 646 647 A.9. TRANSLATION 648 649 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may 650 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of 651 section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations 652 requires special permission from their copyright holders, but 653 you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections 654 in addition to the original versions of these Invariant 655 Sections. You may include a translation of this License 656 provided that you also include the original English version of 657 this License. In case of a disagreement between the translation 658 and the original English version of this License, the original 659 English version will prevail. 660 __________________________________________________________ 661 662 A.10. TERMINATION 663 664 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the 665 Document except as expressly provided for under this License. 666 Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the 667 Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights 668 under this License. However, parties who have received copies, 669 or rights, from you under this License will not have their 670 licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full 671 compliance. 672 __________________________________________________________ 673 674 A.11. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE 675 676 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions 677 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such 678 new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, 679 but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. 680 See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. 681 682 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version 683 number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered 684 version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, 685 you have the option of following the terms and conditions 686 either of that specified version or of any later version that 687 has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software 688 Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number 689 of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not 690 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. 691 __________________________________________________________ 692 693 A.12. How to use this License for your documents 694 695 To use this License in a document you have written, include a 696 copy of the License in the document and put the following 697 copyright and license notices just after the title page: 698 699 Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, 700 distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of 701 the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later 702 version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the 703 Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the 704 Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts 705 being LIST. A copy of the license is included in the section 706 entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". 707 708 If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant 709 Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you 710 have no Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead 711 of "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover 712 Texts. 713 714 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, 715 we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your 716 choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public 717 License, to permit their use in free software.